This is possible but in almost all cases, tax treaties between the US and the country of your residence ensure you are not paying double taxation. If your tax rate is higher in the country of residence than the US, then you will still file a US tax return but most likely not pay additional taxes.
Where you pay and how much depends on many factors, such as if you are working, immigration status, and specific tax jurisdiction. For more specific answers we will gladly refer you to an expat-focused CPA. And don’t forget to file your US tax return every year!